Python系统信息案例如何实现？

本文目录导读：

1. 安装必要库
2. 完整系统信息收集案例
3. 输出示例
4. 跨平台注意事项
5. 导出到文件

在Python中实现系统信息收集（CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等），常用的库包括 psutil、platform、socket 等,以下是完整的实现案例：

安装必要库

pip install psutil

完整系统信息收集案例

import psutil
import platform
import time
import socket
from datetime import datetime
def get_system_info():
    """获取系统基本信息"""
    info = {}
    # 操作系统信息
    info['os_name'] = platform.system()  # Windows/Linux/Darwin
    info['os_version'] = platform.version()
    info['os_release'] = platform.release()
    info['architecture'] = platform.machine()  # x86_64, arm64等
    info['hostname'] = socket.gethostname()
    info['python_version'] = platform.python_version()
    # 处理器信息
    info['processor'] = platform.processor()
    info['cpu_count_physical'] = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)  # 物理核心数
    info['cpu_count_logical'] = psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)    # 逻辑核心数
    return info
def get_cpu_info():
    """获取CPU使用情况"""
    info = {}
    # CPU使用率（每秒采样3次取平均值）
    info['cpu_percent'] = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=False)
    # 每个CPU核心的使用率
    info['cpu_percent_per_core'] = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True)
    # CPU频率
    cpu_freq = psutil.cpu_freq()
    if cpu_freq:
        info['cpu_freq_current'] = cpu_freq.current  # 当前频率(MHz)
        info['cpu_freq_min'] = cpu_freq.min           # 最小频率
        info['cpu_freq_max'] = cpu_freq.max           # 最大频率
    # CPU负载
    info['cpu_load_1min'] = psutil.getloadavg()[0] if hasattr(psutil, 'getloadavg') else None
    info['cpu_load_5min'] = psutil.getloadavg()[1] if hasattr(psutil, 'getloadavg') else None
    info['cpu_load_15min'] = psutil.getloadavg()[2] if hasattr(psutil, 'getloadavg') else None
    # CPU时间
    cpu_times = psutil.cpu_times_percent()
    info['cpu_user'] = cpu_times.user
    info['cpu_system'] = cpu_times.system
    info['cpu_idle'] = cpu_times.idle
    return info
def get_memory_info():
    """获取内存信息"""
    info = {}
    # 虚拟内存
    virtual_memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
    info['memory_total'] = virtual_memory.total  # 总内存(bytes)
    info['memory_available'] = virtual_memory.available  # 可用内存(bytes)
    info['memory_used'] = virtual_memory.used  # 已用内存(bytes)
    info['memory_percent'] = virtual_memory.percent  # 使用率(%)
    # 交换内存
    swap_memory = psutil.swap_memory()
    info['swap_total'] = swap_memory.total
    info['swap_used'] = swap_memory.used
    info['swap_free'] = swap_memory.free
    info['swap_percent'] = swap_memory.percent
    return info
def get_disk_info():
    """获取磁盘信息"""
    info = {}
    # 磁盘分区信息
    partitions = []
    for partition in psutil.disk_partitions():
        try:
            usage = psutil.disk_usage(partition.mountpoint)
            partition_info = {
                'device': partition.device,
                'mountpoint': partition.mountpoint,
                'fstype': partition.fstype,
                'total': usage.total,
                'used': usage.used,
                'free': usage.free,
                'percent': usage.percent
            }
            partitions.append(partition_info)
        except PermissionError:
            # 某些分区可能没有权限访问
            pass
    info['partitions'] = partitions
    # 磁盘I/O统计
    disk_io = psutil.disk_io_counters()
    if disk_io:
        info['disk_read_count'] = disk_io.read_count
        info['disk_write_count'] = disk_io.write_count
        info['disk_read_bytes'] = disk_io.read_bytes
        info['disk_write_bytes'] = disk_io.write_bytes
    return info
def get_network_info():
    """获取网络信息"""
    info = {}
    # 获取本机IP地址
    try:
        hostname = socket.gethostname()
        ip_address = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
        info['hostname'] = hostname
        info['ip_address'] = ip_address
    except:
        pass
    # 网络接口信息
    net_if_addrs = psutil.net_if_addrs()
    interfaces = {}
    for interface_name, interface_addresses in net_if_addrs.items():
        addresses = []
        for addr in interface_addresses:
            address_info = {
                'family': str(addr.family),
                'address': addr.address,
                'netmask': addr.netmask,
                'broadcast': addr.broadcast
            }
            addresses.append(address_info)
        interfaces[interface_name] = addresses
    info['network_interfaces'] = interfaces
    # 网络I/O统计
    net_io = psutil.net_io_counters()
    info['bytes_sent'] = net_io.bytes_sent
    info['bytes_recv'] = net_io.bytes_recv
    info['packets_sent'] = net_io.packets_sent
    info['packets_recv'] = net_io.packets_recv
    # 网络连接数
    connections = psutil.net_connections()
    info['total_connections'] = len(connections)
    return info
def get_process_info(top_n=10):
    """获取进程信息，默认显示CPU占用最高的前10个进程"""
    processes = []
    for proc in psutil.process_iter(['pid', 'name', 'cpu_percent', 'memory_percent']):
        try:
            process_info = proc.info
            # 过滤掉CPU使用率为0的进程（可选）
            if process_info['cpu_percent'] is not None:
                processes.append(process_info)
        except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied):
            pass
    # 按CPU使用率排序
    processes.sort(key=lambda x: x['cpu_percent'], reverse=True)
    return processes[:top_n]
def format_bytes(bytes_value):
    """格式化字节数为人类可读格式"""
    for unit in ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB']:
        if bytes_value < 1024.0:
            return f"{bytes_value:.2f} {unit}"
        bytes_value /= 1024.0
    return f"{bytes_value:.2f} PB"
def display_system_info():
    """显示系统信息的精美输出"""
    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
    print(f"系统信息报告 - {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
    print("=" * 60)
    # 系统基本信息
    print("\n[基本系统信息]")
    system_info = get_system_info()
    for key, value in system_info.items():
        print(f"  {key}: {value}")
    # CPU信息
    print("\n[CPU信息]")
    cpu_info = get_cpu_info()
    print(f"  CPU使用率: {cpu_info['cpu_percent']:.1f}%")
    print(f"  各核心使用率: {[f'{x:.1f}%' for x in cpu_info['cpu_percent_per_core']]}")
    print(f"  用户态: {cpu_info['cpu_user']:.1f}%")
    print(f"  系统态: {cpu_info['cpu_system']:.1f}%")
    print(f"  空闲率: {cpu_info['cpu_idle']:.1f}%")
    # 内存信息
    print("\n[内存信息]")
    mem_info = get_memory_info()
    print(f"  总内存: {format_bytes(mem_info['memory_total'])}")
    print(f"  已使用: {format_bytes(mem_info['memory_used'])}")
    print(f"  可用内存: {format_bytes(mem_info['memory_available'])}")
    print(f"  内存使用率: {mem_info['memory_percent']:.1f}%")
    print(f"  交换空间: {format_bytes(mem_info['swap_total'])}")
    print(f"  交换使用率: {mem_info['swap_percent']:.1f}%")
    # 磁盘信息
    print("\n[磁盘信息]")
    disk_info = get_disk_info()
    for partition in disk_info['partitions']:
        print(f"  分区: {partition['device']} 挂载点: {partition['mountpoint']}")
        print(f"    文件系统: {partition['fstype']}")
        print(f"    总大小: {format_bytes(partition['total'])}")
        print(f"    已使用: {format_bytes(partition['used'])} ({partition['percent']:.1f}%)")
        print(f"    可用空间: {format_bytes(partition['free'])}")
    # 网络信息
    print("\n[网络信息]")
    net_info = get_network_info()
    print(f"  主机名: {net_info.get('hostname', 'N/A')}")
    print(f"  IP地址: {net_info.get('ip_address', 'N/A')}")
    print(f"  发送字节数: {format_bytes(net_info['bytes_sent'])}")
    print(f"  接收字节数: {format_bytes(net_info['bytes_recv'])}")
    print(f"  发送数据包: {net_info['packets_sent']}")
    print(f"  接收数据包: {net_info['packets_recv']}")
    print(f"  当前连接数: {net_info['total_connections']}")
    # 进程信息
    print("\n[Top 10 CPU占用进程]")
    processes = get_process_info(10)
    print(f"{'PID':<8} {'进程名':<30} {'CPU%':<10} {'内存%':<10}")
    print("-" * 58)
    for proc in processes:
        print(f"{proc['pid']:<8} {proc['name'][:30]:<30} "
              f"{proc['cpu_percent']:<10.1f} "
              f"{proc['memory_percent']:<10.1f}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 运行系统信息收集
    display_system_info()
    # 如果需要实时监控，可以放在循环中
    print("\n\n开始实时监控（每5秒更新一次，按Ctrl+C停止）...")
    try:
        while True:
            # 获取当前CPU和内存使用率
            cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
            memory_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
            print(f"\r{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - CPU: {cpu_percent:.1f}% | 内存: {memory_percent:.1f}%", end="")
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\n\n监控已停止。")

输出示例

============================================================
系统信息报告 - 2024-01-15 14:30:25
============================================================
[基本系统信息]
  os_name: Linux
  os_version: #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Nov 10 13:34:49 UTC 2023
  os_release: 6.5.0-14-generic
  architecture: x86_64
  hostname: ubuntu-server
  python_version: 3.10.12
[CPU信息]
  CPU使用率: 23.5%
  各核心使用率: ['12.0%', '8.5%', '45.2%', '6.3%', '34.1%', '8.9%', '15.7%', '11.2%']
  用户态: 15.3%
  系统态: 8.2%
  空闲率: 76.5%
[内存信息]
  总内存: 15.56 GB
  已使用: 8.23 GB
  可用内存: 7.33 GB
  内存使用率: 52.9%
  交换空间: 2.00 GB
  交换使用率: 12.5%
...（更多详细信息）

跨平台注意事项

# Windows系统特殊处理
if platform.system() == "Windows":
    # Windows下某些信息获取方式不同
    import wmi  # 需要安装: pip install wmi
    def get_windows_specific_info():
        c = wmi.WMI()
        # 获取BIOS信息
        for bios in c.Win32_BIOS():
            print(f"BIOS版本: {bios.SMBIOSBIOSVersion}")
        # 获取显卡信息
        for gpu in c.Win32_VideoController():
            print(f"显卡: {gpu.Name}")

导出到文件

import json
def save_info_to_file(filename="system_info.json"):
    """将所有信息保存到JSON文件"""
    info = {
        'system': get_system_info(),
        'cpu': get_cpu_info(),
        'memory': get_memory_info(),
        'disk': get_disk_info(),
        'network': get_network_info(),
        'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
    }
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(info, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
    print(f"系统信息已保存到 {filename}")

这个案例覆盖了全面的系统信息收集，包括基本信息、CPU、内存、磁盘、网络和进程等,并提供了实时监控和导出功能。

标签： 系统信息